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| Frances Elberta Beebe sketch by Rebecca J. Becker |
Frankly Unbelievable: Frances Beebe, Part One
The Chandler Publicist [Chandler, Oklahoma Territory] 17 February 1902, Page 3:
You can only understand Frances Beebe's life if you understand the wild history that led up to her birth.
WAS BLACKMAILED.($3,500 in 1902 would be worth roughly $950,400 today.)
Post Office Inspector Beebe Is Mixed Up in a Naughty Mess.
OKLAHOMA CITY: Upon a charge of blackmail, preferred by Postoffice [sic] Inspector Frank Beebe, the sheriff arrested Dr. A. Delisspar, his wife, Irene Delisspar and Chas. D. Ebey, and a search warrant was also served... [to search] for a sum of money amounting to $3,500 which was secured from Mr. Beebe upon representations which were of a most serious character.
Mr. Beebe tells a story which is most interesting because the most prominent features of the case must be read between the lines.(Note the wry tone the journalist takes. The press will take a less and less favorable view of Frank A. Beebe as the months drag on.)
The story is that Beebe met Ora Chapin in December.
Shortly after, the woman went to Dr. Delisspar, an alleged fortune teller, who told her of certain relations she had had with Beebe. Delisspar said he was a detective and would have her arrested unless she secured a sum of money from Beebe.
He then threatened to write a note advising Beebe’s wife of certain matters unless the money was forthcoming.
Beebe... wanted to get at the bottom of the affair and cause the arrest of the parties behind the woman.
He decided to pay the woman a certain sum of money, and the fact that he did pay her $3,500 shows that he was very liberal in his donation to assist the cause of justice to progress.
[Beebe] then learned Dr. Delisspar was back of the woman in the alleged conspiracy to blackmail...(Try to keep track of Delisspar's names and occupations. By the end of this series, you may find it nigh to impossible.)
Mr. Beebe has been postoffice inspector for about 14 years and his home is near Choctaw City.
He is a married man and sensational developments are expected as the case progresses.
Dr. Delisspar is not a physician, so he says, but uses that title to cover his real occupation, that of a detective.
When asked about the case [Delisspar] replied:The trial, dubbed "The Sensational Beebe Case," grew more and more bizarre. An article in The Wichita Daily Eagle added a few scandalous tidbits:
"My lawyer will not let me discuss the matter at length just now,’ said the doctor, ‘but when I can talk I will tell you things about Beebe and show you matter in writing over his own signature that will convince you he is the greatest rascal that ever went unhung.”
Ora Chapin, the girl whose testimony painted Dr. Delisspar as being one of the blackest villain, was again put on the stand for cross examination.
She was asked over and over again by the attorneys for the defense about the sensations produced by the medicine. She said they were hard to describe...
The witness was asked if she had not been in love with the doctor. She answered that she had not.
She was asked if the doctor had hypnotized her. She answered that he had, in a way...
The defense asked Miss Chapin if Mr. Beebe did not come frequently to their home. She said he did.What in the world was going on, here? Who are these men, and which of them can you believe? And, finally, what has all this to do with Frances Beebe, Crescent College student from 1914 - 1916?
She was asked if he did not make love to her. She answered that he acted foolish at times. He had written letters with kisses in them and had sent his love to them.
She denied that he had ever kissed her or that he had embraced her. She did not know whether he had ever made such advances to her sister or not.
You can only understand Frances Beebe's life if you understand the wild history that led up to her birth.
Let's begin with her father, Frank A. Beebe, who (when the trial began) was a U.S. Post Office Inspector.
His was one of the most dangerous jobs in the West.
14,000 new post offices opened between 1840 and 1900. After the transcontinental railroad was completed, mail order stores like Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck & Co. made it possible for people to purchase nearly anything imaginable and have it sent by rail and stagecoach.
Take a look at this 1894 Sears & Roebuck notice, and you'll find suddenly that Amazon doesn't seem like such modern innovation!
His was one of the most dangerous jobs in the West.
14,000 new post offices opened between 1840 and 1900. After the transcontinental railroad was completed, mail order stores like Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck & Co. made it possible for people to purchase nearly anything imaginable and have it sent by rail and stagecoach.
Take a look at this 1894 Sears & Roebuck notice, and you'll find suddenly that Amazon doesn't seem like such modern innovation!
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| Sears, Roebuck and Company Instructions for Purchase 1894 |
As you can imagine, the temptation was irresistible - - and not just for those men, women and children leafing through the catalogs in Kansas, Arkansas, or in Oklahoma Territory.
Stage coaches and trains were constantly being robbed for the mail sacks they carried: sacks containing envelopes full of money en route to stores in the East, and sacks containing packages full of watches, jewelry, clothes, guns and revolvers, making their way to customers in the West.
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| The Great Train Robbery by N. C. Wyeth (1912) |
For fourteen years, Frank A. Beebe was one of the legendary lawmen who pursued these scoundrels and brought them to justice. For well over a decade, newspapers had been full of his exploits:
Fort Worth Daily Gazette [Fort Worth, Texas] 21 May 1891, p. 1
Fort Worth Daily Gazette [Fort Worth, Texas] 21 May 1891, p. 1
MAIL ROBBERS.
Important Arrests Made by a Postoffice Inspector at Bolivar, Ark - -
A Woman Implicated.
FORT SMITH, ARK., May 20. - - Postoffice Inspector Frank A. Beebee [sic] of St. Louis, Mo., arrived in the city to-day after making one of the most important captures of criminals engaged in robbing the mails that any postoffice inspector has made in several years...
[H]e arrested Walter Markley and Edgar Rose for robbing the United States mail on the Harrison and Eureka Springs stage line September 28, 1890.
At the time the depredation was committed the robbers made a big haul of valuables and money.
Mrs. Edgar Rose, wife of one of the thieves, is implicated in the crime, she having prepared the masks and disguises for the expedition. Since the capture the parties have confessed the crime when confronted with the evidence of their guilt. The capture is the result of the work and tireless investigation of Inspector Beebee.
Several inspectors have worked on the case and none have until to-day, obtained a claim to the location of the men who committed the robbery.A month later, the Daily Arkansas Gazette reported new information:
The robbers, in addition to the unknown party, are, Walter Markley, his brother-in-law, Edgar Rose, and his sister, Mrs. Edgar Rose, who was dressed in male attire.Beebe's name became familiar to readers across the nation, as he successfully solved dozens of cases like the Markley-Rose robberies.
A few days ago young Rose was mysteriously murdered...
Mrs. Rose was at school at Batavia when she was arrested. She is young, dashing, pretty, and doesn’t look like a criminal...
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| Bill Tilghman on the 29-cent U.S. postage stamp from the 1994 series, “Legends of the West” |
In 1899, one of his most famous cases came to an end when Beebe worked with legendary U.S. Marshal Bill Tilghman to arrest a remarkable band of ten mail thieves.
The Wichita Daily Eagle(1) described how, for months:
The Wichita Daily Eagle(1) described how, for months:
Packages of goods were opened, goods extricated, and the wrappers returned to the mail pouches. When the pouches were received at the different postoffices they were found to be in perfect condition, which made the mystery the deeper. ...During the holidays... [n]ot a present was delivered to the rightful owners. Numerous complaints were constantly coming in to Postmaster Wattson, who was at his wits’ end trying to unravel the matter.
...The robbers are ten in number. The culprits are charged with numerous robberies, committed since October 10, 1894.
During the last three days the officers closed in on the gang, capturing all of them and recovering about $2,000,000 worth of merchandise, including seventy-five silk dress patterns, about 500 silk handkerchiefs, clothing, shoes, gloves and all manner of mailable articles. The stuff was found concealed through four counties.
In 1899, $2 million dollars would be worth well over $57 million today. You can see why Beebe became a very well-known, admired and respected lawman.
Two years later, his daughter Frances Elberta Beebe - - future Crescent College student - - was born.
Two years later, Frank A. Beebe's reputation hung in the balance.
Three years later, it seemed to be in shreds.
But now, let's take a moment to catch up with Frances's mother, Stella Mitchell Beebe, and learn a bit about what she was doing while Frank was roaming the country in search of outlaws.
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| Stella Mitchell |
Born in Kansas in 1870, Estella Mitchell was an unusually bright and talented little girl. Local newspapers published students' grades every quarter, and Stella was always at the top of her class, never missing a day, never tardy a day, with highest marks in both recitation and deportment. (2)
As a child, she was a noted performer at social gatherings throughout the county. She favored stirring patriotic poems and speeches, as when she declaimed "Why Should We Fear," at a meeting of the Philomathean Institute. (3)
She was known well enough that when, at age twelve, she suffered from a serious illness, newspapers announced her recovery. (4)
At fifteen, she performed in "beautiful tableaux" featured in local theatrical events, (5) and the next year, attracted attention at a masquerade by costuming herself as the American flag! (6)
As a child, she was a noted performer at social gatherings throughout the county. She favored stirring patriotic poems and speeches, as when she declaimed "Why Should We Fear," at a meeting of the Philomathean Institute. (3)
She was known well enough that when, at age twelve, she suffered from a serious illness, newspapers announced her recovery. (4)
At fifteen, she performed in "beautiful tableaux" featured in local theatrical events, (5) and the next year, attracted attention at a masquerade by costuming herself as the American flag! (6)
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| Children in Flag Costumes circa 1890 |
Stella was sixteen when she won first prize in a state-wide elocutionary contest, reciting Longfellow's poem, "King Robert of Sicily." (7)
Later events in her life bear an uncanny resemblance to the narrative: in the poem, King Robert is so proud that God punishes him by replacing him on the throne with an angel. Robert finds he is a jester in his own court, and those over whom he once ruled think he's either mad, or in jest, when he tries to convince him that he is their king.
When she was nineteen, Stella attended Linn County Normal School, training to become a teacher. (8)
Later events in her life bear an uncanny resemblance to the narrative: in the poem, King Robert is so proud that God punishes him by replacing him on the throne with an angel. Robert finds he is a jester in his own court, and those over whom he once ruled think he's either mad, or in jest, when he tries to convince him that he is their king.
When she was nineteen, Stella attended Linn County Normal School, training to become a teacher. (8)
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| Stella Mitchell Beebe sketch by Rebecca J. Becker |
We haven't yet discovered when, where or how she met Frank A. Beebe.
We know that Frank had been married before he met Stella: in 1893 he sued Ida P. Beebe for divorce, apparently on the grounds of desertion. (Frank was living in Oklahoma Territory, while Ida and their four children ranging from 5 to 18 years of age, lived in Kansas City, Kansas.)
And there's some mystery about exactly when Frank and Stella married. On May 24, 1895, she gave birth to their first daughter, Louise, but it wasn't until November 2, 1897, that Stella applied for a marriage license. (9)
We know that Frank had been married before he met Stella: in 1893 he sued Ida P. Beebe for divorce, apparently on the grounds of desertion. (Frank was living in Oklahoma Territory, while Ida and their four children ranging from 5 to 18 years of age, lived in Kansas City, Kansas.)
And there's some mystery about exactly when Frank and Stella married. On May 24, 1895, she gave birth to their first daughter, Louise, but it wasn't until November 2, 1897, that Stella applied for a marriage license. (9)
No matter what their legal status, they were described as husband and wife when, shortly after their daughter Louise's birth, the newspapers were filled with terrible news:
St. Louis Post-Dispatch [St. Louis, Missouri] 30 July 1895, Page 2:
MURDERED AT CHOCTAW.
Word Received of the Killing of Inspector Beebe’s Mother-in-Law.
A telegram addressed to the Post-office Inspector was received here Tuesday announcing that the mother-in-law of Post-office Inspector Frank A. Beebe had been murdered at Choctaw City, O. T.
Post-office Inspector Johnson opened the telegram and immediately sent word to Mr. Beebe, who is now traveling in Nebraska.
No further particulars of the murder can be learned here...The telegram was sent by Mr. Beebe’s wife, Stella M. Beebe. It simply stated: “Inform Post-office Inspector that his mother-in-law has been murdered here.”
Mr. Beebe and his family are quite well known all over the country, as during his lengthy career as Post-office Inspector Mr. Beebe, his wife and her mother have lived in almost every large city in the Union.
For months the investigation, and then trial, dragged on as the nation's newspapers continued to paint more and more lurid details about the murder. (Most of these particulars were, eventually, debunked, but not before Stella suffered through the public's seemingly insatiable appetite for horrific speculation.)
We haven't time, in this narrative, for a more exhaustive look at her mother's murder. Frank was rarely with Stella during her ordeal, since his job necessitated his traveling throughout the country in pursuit of increasingly bold mail thieves.
Somehow, she was able to survive the ordeal.
In June, 1898, we find her taking on a new role - - as post master - - in Jones City, Oklahoma, described as "a new town on the Frisco extention." (10)
A month later, Stella gave birth to a son, Richard K. Beebe. When the boy was 7 months old - - while his father was working with Marshal Tilghman in pursuit of the gang of 10 outlaws - - he died.
Again, Frank wasn't there. Still she could be very proud of her husband: his name was constantly in the newspapers, a seemingly unstoppable force in the war to protect the nation's mail.
(Perhaps in an effort to find a more stable occupation, Frank and Stella bought 100 acres of land tucked into a curve of the Canadian River, very near Jones City. They were surprisingly successful, but it took several years for the trees to grow and produce enough to allow him to quit as a postal inspector.)
In 1901, Frances Elberta Beebe was born. (Frank's Elberta peach trees were among the finest in the nation.)
But even now, Stella wasn't allowed happiness, or peace. Because 1901 is also the year that Frank A. Beebe was blackmailed. The year he paid thousands of dollars to a young woman named Ora Chapin. The year he brought suit against the mysterious Dr. Delisspar. And the year his nobly-won reputation was about to crumble.
Who is the world was this man Delisspar? Was he a fortune teller? A hypnotist? A detective?
Crescent College History Project has uncovered the unbelievable story behind this man - - a story that, tragically, the Beebes never discovered. Here, in these pages, we're presenting information never before revealed - - and even in these pages we haven't room to tell the full, and truly sensational, tale of one of the most remarkable villains we've ever encountered.
In 1893, a man calling himself Dr. Frank Elmer won the heart of seventeen-year-old Mollie West. They ran off together, but her father wired ahead, and the couple was apprehended and arrested. Somehow, at the train station, the fellow was able to board a moving train as it headed out of the station, abandoning poor Mollie, who ran for the train but was unable to jump aboard. (11)
We haven't time, in this narrative, for a more exhaustive look at her mother's murder. Frank was rarely with Stella during her ordeal, since his job necessitated his traveling throughout the country in pursuit of increasingly bold mail thieves.
Somehow, she was able to survive the ordeal.
In June, 1898, we find her taking on a new role - - as post master - - in Jones City, Oklahoma, described as "a new town on the Frisco extention." (10)
A month later, Stella gave birth to a son, Richard K. Beebe. When the boy was 7 months old - - while his father was working with Marshal Tilghman in pursuit of the gang of 10 outlaws - - he died.
Again, Frank wasn't there. Still she could be very proud of her husband: his name was constantly in the newspapers, a seemingly unstoppable force in the war to protect the nation's mail.
(Perhaps in an effort to find a more stable occupation, Frank and Stella bought 100 acres of land tucked into a curve of the Canadian River, very near Jones City. They were surprisingly successful, but it took several years for the trees to grow and produce enough to allow him to quit as a postal inspector.)
In 1901, Frances Elberta Beebe was born. (Frank's Elberta peach trees were among the finest in the nation.)
But even now, Stella wasn't allowed happiness, or peace. Because 1901 is also the year that Frank A. Beebe was blackmailed. The year he paid thousands of dollars to a young woman named Ora Chapin. The year he brought suit against the mysterious Dr. Delisspar. And the year his nobly-won reputation was about to crumble.
Who is the world was this man Delisspar? Was he a fortune teller? A hypnotist? A detective?
Crescent College History Project has uncovered the unbelievable story behind this man - - a story that, tragically, the Beebes never discovered. Here, in these pages, we're presenting information never before revealed - - and even in these pages we haven't room to tell the full, and truly sensational, tale of one of the most remarkable villains we've ever encountered.
In 1893, a man calling himself Dr. Frank Elmer won the heart of seventeen-year-old Mollie West. They ran off together, but her father wired ahead, and the couple was apprehended and arrested. Somehow, at the train station, the fellow was able to board a moving train as it headed out of the station, abandoning poor Mollie, who ran for the train but was unable to jump aboard. (11)
He took with him the young girl's diamond ring. (12)
Officers caught up with him days later and arrested him on a charge of seduction, as he was emerging from a courtroom where he'd just been released from a charge of bigamy! (13)
In 1895 (days after Stella gave birth to her elder daughter, Louise), a Michigan newspaper proclaimed:
DR. ARTHUR ELMER AT ST. LOUIS
Great Clairvoyant Physician and Wonder Worker...
Wonders accomplished, invalids carried to his office walk away and tell of the wonders of his cures: miracles performed: but seeing is believing.
[People] naturally doubt that any human being by the aid of medicines and his electrical appliances, whatever his knowledge of the medical science might be, to effect the almost miraculous cures he claims it is in his power to do.
...The miracles were produced by no hypnotic power, no laying on the hands, but by and only through the use of electricity, electrical appliances and his medicines...A few months later, "Dr. Arthur Elmer" was convicted "on a charge of obtaining money by false pretenses, representing that he was a fortune teller." (14)
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| The Akron Beacon Journal [Akron, Ohio] 30 March 1896, Page 4 |
As you can see here, "Dr. Arthur Elmer" not only escaped conviction, but he now boasted of his powers as a clairvoyant physician, a magic healer, and a trance medium. (His electrical gadgets may be in abeyance, but they make a surprising reappearance, years later.)
His claims become wilder and even less believable, and he started including his own portrait in his advertisements:
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| The Salem Daily News [Salem, Ohio] 25 May 1896 |
"Dr. Arthur Elmer, of Youngstown, O., was arrested yesterday on complaint of Miss Elmina Sigle, charged with assault."And on the following day? We were dumbfounded to find:
Detroit Free Press [Detroit, Michigan] 27 May 1896, Page 3:
NO SYMPATHY FOR PROPHETS.
Supreme Court Says They Are Frauds and Rogues.
Lansing, Mich., May 26. – (Special.) - - The Supreme Court to-day affirmed the conviction of Dr. Arthur Elmer, who appeared at Ionia last July and proclaimed himself a seer capable of reading the future, peering through the keyhole of the hereafter, and all that sort of thing.
It was a part of the testimony that he advised a good woman of the vicinity to leave her husband, stating that he had seen him in a trance trying to kill her.
He was arrested as a disorderly person for pretending to read the future, and the trial judge ordered the jury to find the man guilty.
They did as directed, and the doctor appealed.
In affirming the conviction Judge Grant quotes from the old English law, which holds that persons claiming to possess such powers are vagabonds and rogues.
The language of the trial judge, who said that no person not a lunatic could believe that the man possessed the powers he claimed, was also quoted approvingly.
But our spurious doctor was as unstoppable in his own way as Frank A. Beebe was, in his.
The nation was fascinated by accounts of hypnosis being used in medical schools and hospitals to treat a myriad of illnesses.
Scientific journals supported these accounts, and "Doctor Elmer" was able to capitalize on the country's passion for this miraculous, mystical cure.
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| A Clinical Lesson by Pierre Aristide André Brouillet showing hypnosis used in medical treatments in the 1880s |
A few months later, in Indiana, he ran into trouble again. Members of the local medical associations "set about to inquire into the merits of Dr. Elmer's claims."
Unable to prove his credentials, he was still able to persuade authorities to allow him to perform one night - - for free.
The next day, the papers announced that the two men chosen from the audience and seemingly hypnotized had confessed that they "were hired by the doctor to come here... and play the part of hypnotized persons. They informed a reporter the following day that Dr. Elmer was a fraud and had no power to hypnotize." (15)
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| “Establishing the Electro-Biological Circuit
Between Mesmerist and Subject” late 19th-century |
Later that week, authorities in Indiana questioned him about the disappearance of a sixteen-year-old girl. Her father, Charles Shields, believed the doctor ran off with the girl. He denied any knowledge of her whereabouts. (16)
But in December, he and the girl were arrested together in Dayton, Ohio. They were traveling with a five-year-old child Arthur Elmer claimed was his, although he stated that the child's mother had run off with $3,000 of his money and abandoned them.
The girl, Nora Shields, said she was Elmer's wife. He told the officers that she was "in a delicate condition," and she broke down and admitted that she was six months pregnant.
The authorities believed he'd brought her to Dayton to obtain a "criminal operation" (an abortion).
Officials also seized a suitcase full of "all the appurtenances for holding a spiritualistic séance," and various promotional materials.
The police are under the impression that they some time ago received a letter requesting them to look out for a young girl named Shields, who had eloped, but as yet they have not found the letter. (17)
The most peculiar twist yet occurred only two days later, back in Indiana. One of his former "patients," a wealthy widow, was apparently still under hypnosis even though Elmer had left the state. One Sunday in church, there was a scene of growing confusion:
[W]hen the rector came along she fell in behind, unknown to him.
When the rector reached the swinging doors he passed through, and not knowing that the lady was close behind, let the doors fly back, striking her with great force.
When she... saw the boy with the cross she threw her arms around him and kissed him in a violent manner.
The fifty choir girls screamed, and about half of them ran into the rector’s room and locked the door, while the other half put in their time screaming and trying to get through the door.
At this point the unfortunate woman was taken to her home. She is still in the hypnotic condition, and is not accountable for her actions. (18)
Although his exploits grew increasingly nefarious, authorities in each individual town or city continued to be unaware of the criminal trail he left in his wake.
Still, attempts were made to stop him, and we discover yet another name for the man:
The Fort Wayne Sentinel [Fort Wayne, Indiana] 04 June 1897, Page 1
...As the Journal mentioned the other day, it is a difficult matter to keep up with the escapades of Dr. Arthur Elmer, but from the latest reports it seems he will probably be more settled, as it is said that he has been arrested in Indianapolis.
At Charleston, Ill., William Sheldon, an artist, claims ‘Dr. Arthur’ as his brother and says that his real name is Frank Sheldon. He sums up quite a number of things the long haired boy has been in and says that he has called for his arrest at Indianapolis. (19)
And what exactly is the connection between Arthur Elmer, or Frank Sheldon, and Frank A. Beebe's nemesis, Dr. Delisspar?
The answers to both questions are found in a 1900 article, describing how Dr. Elmer, son-in-law of Charles Shields of Peru, Indiana, was arrested for having another man's trunk in his possession.
Somehow, in the course of their investigations, authorities discovered:
...papers [giving] the doctor’s name as Starr, Sheldon and Dellspar. [sic] He used three different names in different places as he travels about the country. He is known here as Dr. Elmer. (20)
And now, the stage was set, the players assembled, and the collision took place. Frank A. Beebe was blackmailed by a young woman named Ora Chapin, and paid her thousands of dollars in order to expose the man behind the extortion scheme.
He discovered the villain to be "Dr. Delisspar," and proceeded to sue him and his accomplices in a series of trials that lasted nearly a year, provoking ever-more salacious newspaper reports full of innuendo and speculation. With each passing week Frank A. Beebe's shining reputation grew more tarnished.
One article, published near the end of the ordeal, will serve to demonstrate:
The Daily Ardmoreite [Ardmore, Indian Territory] 23 January 1902, Page 4:
OKLAHOMA SENSATION CHAFF
The Delisspar-Chapin-Beebe Entertainment Drawing Full House.
The Oklahoma papers are chuck full, as full as the court house during the trial, of the Beebe-Delisspar case.
In December, over a year after it all began, all charges were "dismissed on the grounds that none of the witnesses for the territory could be found." Delisspar was allowed to go free.The evidence of the Chapin girl, who bled Postoffice Inspector Beebe for $3500 is certainly sensational, the villainy of Delisspar is also startling mingled as it is with his so-called hypnotic influence. The Times-Journal furnishes the following chaff sifted from the evidence so far presented:
The plot thickens as the story proceeds.
Beebe needn’t go into the show business. He is already in it.
Beebe didn’t need the aid of theatrical entertainment to separate himself from his roll. [sic]
When this matter is all over Beebe should send a kiss or two to his wife down on the farm.
It was not necessary to go into court to prove Delisspar a scoundrel. The public takes a similar view of Beebe.
Enough has already developed to warrant the assertion that the Chapin sisters fell into the hands of two designing scoundrels.
Some explain Beebe squealed when he discovered that he had lost his hypnotic power. He may have thought Delisspar robbed him of it.
But Frank A. Beebe lost his job with the government "as a result of the ugliness in which he was involved."(21)
You can probably imagine what Stella's life had been like during the months and months of this ordeal. And now, at last, Frank returned to the family home, with Stella, 7-year-old Louise and baby Frances, in Jones City.
How would this remarkable family history affect the future Crescent College student? What became of Frank and Stella?
And.. what about Doctor Delisspar??
The answers await you, in the next chapter of Frankly Unbelievable!
--------------------------------------------------------
BOOKS CONSULTED:
Atlas of American History: Second Revised Edition, edited
by Kenneth T. Jackson. New York: Charles
Scribners Sons, 1985.
He Made It Safe To Murder: The
Life of Moman Pruiett
by Howard K. Berry. Oklahoma City:
Oklahoma Heritage Association, 2001.
Law West of Fort Smith: A History of Frontier Justice in the Indian
Territory, 1834 - 1896
by Glenn Shirley. Lincoln, Nebraska:
University of Nebraska Press, 1957.
Oklahoma Justice: The Oklahoma
City Police; A Century of Gunfighters, Gangsters and Terrorists by Ron Owens. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Co., 1995.
Oklahoma Renegades: Their Deeds
and Misdeeds by
Ken Butler. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican
Publishing Company, 2000.
The History of Oklahoma
Biographies Volume II
by Luther B. Hill, Chicago, New York, The Lewis Publishing Company, 1909
The Most American Thing in
America: Circuit Chautauqua as
Performance by
Charlotte M. Canning. Iowa City:
University of Iowa Press, 2005.
West of Hell’s Fringe: Crime, Criminals, and the Federal Peace
Officer in Oklahoma Territory, 1889 – 1907 by Glenn Shirley.
Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.
NOTES:
(1) The Wichita Daily Eagle [Wichita, Kansas] 07 February 1899, Page 3.
(2) Witness many issues of La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] including 12 April 1879, Page 2
(3) La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] 07 January 1882, Page 3.
(4) La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] 25 November 1882, Page 3.
(5) La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] 07 November 1885, Page 3.
(6) La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] 20 February 1886, Page 3.
(7) El Dorado Daily Republican [El Dorado, Kansas] 03 March 1886, Page 1.
(8) La Cygne Journal [La Cygne, Kansas] 15 June 1889, Page 3.
(9) Kansas City Journal [Kansas City, Missouri] 02 November 1897, Page 3.
(10) The Oklahoma Leader [Guthrie, Oklahoma], 9 June 1898, Page 6 .
(11) The Courier-Journal [Louisville, Kentucky] 04 July 1893, Page 1.
(12) Kentucky Advocate [Danville, Kentucky] 06 July 1893, Page 1.
(13) The Courier-Journal [Louisville, Kentucky] 13 July 1893, Page 3.
(14) Owosso Times [Owosso,
Michigan] 15 November 1895, Page 5.
(15) The Weekly Sentinel [Fort Wayne, Indiana] 30 September 1896, Page 6:
(16) The Cincinnati Enquirer [Cincinnati, Ohio] 02 October 1896, Page 1.(17) The Dayton Herald [Dayton, Ohio] 16 December 1896, Page 1.
(18) The Indianapolis Journal [Indianapolis, Indiana] 17 December 1896, Page 2.
(19) The Fort Wayne Sentinel [Fort Wayne, Indiana] 04 June 1897, Page 1.
(20) Logansport Pharos Tribune [Logansport, Indiana] 2 October 1900, Page 3.
(21) The Mustang Mail [Mustang, Oklahoma] 19 December 1902, Page 1
